Until now, 42 R genes have been identified 9, 10 among the 42 R genes, Xa23 is an executor R gene, which confers broad-spectrum resistance against all naturally occurring Xoo biotypes 11. To counter the Xoo attack, rice plant has developed the defense strategy through a selection of effector binding elements that trap TALEs to activate the expression of R genes, triggering host resistance response 7, 8. Furthermore, nucleotide diversity is dogged by the hypervariable position of the 12 and 13 amino acids (denoted as repeat variable diresidues) in each repeat of the TALEs 6. The central repeat region of TALEs identifies the target genes in the host plant cells 5 each repeat binds to each nucleotide, resulting in a specific binding to the effector binding element (EBE). 3 basically, a TALE protein is characterized by 34-amino acid central repeat region, an N terminus region for TTSS, and C terminal region containing nuclear localization signal and activation domain 5. TALEs are a class of proteins identified in plant pathogenic Xanthomonas spp. During infection, Xoo injects transcription activator-like effector (TALE) protein into the host plant cells via type III secretion system (TTSS) to activate the expression of host genes, contributing to disease development or may activate the resistance ( R) gene resulting in host defense 3, 4. Naturally, Xoo enters inside the rice leaf through hydathodes of the leaf margins and multiplies into the intercellular spaces of epithelial tissues, then moves to the xylem vessel for systemic infection 2. oryzae ( Xoo), is a devastating disease in most of the rice growing regions. Plant pathogens have diverse life strategies to weaken the plant defense mechanism 1.īacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. Although plants are commonly in contact with numerous pathogens, the occurrence of disease on an individual plant is relatively intermittent. Pathogens, i.e., bacteria, nematodes, and viruses, cause widespread losses to agricultural and food commodity on an annual basis. This data would be a valuable resource for researchers to identify the candidate genes associated with Xoo resistance. DEGs involved in the host-pathogen interaction, e.g., signaling mechanism, cell wall and plant hormones were identified. Additionally, we retrieved 67 differentially expressed TFs and 26 peroxidase responsive genes which may be involved in disease resistance mechanism. Gene co-expression network analysis identified the clusters of transcription factors (TFs) which may be involved in PXO99 A resistance. KEGG pathway analysis categorized the DEGs into 11 different pathways, and the ribosome is a prominent pathway followed by biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids. Gene ontology (GO) analysis classified the DEGs functionally into biological process, cellular component and molecular function. RNA-Seq analysis retrieved 1,235 DEGs ( p-value ≤ 0.05) at 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours of post inoculation (hpi). In this study, CBB23, a rice line carrying Xa23 gene, was inoculated with wild PXO99 A and its mutant, P99M2, to retrieve the differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Among the 42 BB resistance ( R) genes, Xa23 is an executor R gene, conferring broad-spectrum disease resistance to all naturally occurring biotypes of Xoo. oryzae ( Xoo), is a devastating disease in most of the rice growing regions worldwide. Bacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv.
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